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Uta Pippig
Uta Pippig (born 7 September 1965 in Leipzig) is a retired German Long-distance runner, and the first woman to officially win the Boston Marathon three consecutive times (1994–1996). She also won the Berlin Marathon three times (1990, 1992 and 1995), the New York City Marathon once (1993), and she represented Germany in the 1992 and 1996 Olympics. Her best times include 15:03 for 5000 meters, 31:21 for 10,000 meters, 67:58 for the half marathon and 2:21:45 for the marathon. Pippig obtained American citizenship in 2004, and now also holds an American passport. In 2004, Pippig founded "Take The Magic Step" to provide health information and charitable support to individuals and to organizations that promote wellness and education. In 2005, she was named to the Board of Advisors of the MIT AgeLab.
The daughter of two physicians, Pippig began running at the age of 13 while a citizen of the former East Germany. In university, she was a medical student at the Humboldt University Berlin where, after passing her final exams, she chose to re-focus her attention exclusively on running professionally. She left East Germany in 1990 before German reunification. She won the Eurocross meeting in Luxembourg that year.〔Civai, Franco & Gasparovic, Juraj (2009-02-28). (Eurocross 10.2 km (men) + 5.3 km (women) ). Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Retrieved on 2010-03-01.〕
Uta Pippig won the 1996 Boston Marathon in the midst of menstrual bleeding and diarrhea.〔(It's time to tell the bloody truth. (Uta Pippig's Boston marathon victory)(The Journalist's Beat) - Nieman Reports | HighBeam Research )〕〔(Boston Marathon history - Boston Globe )〕
In 1998, an out-of-competition drug test found Pippig had an elevated ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone, and the German Athletics Federation attempted to ban her for two years. Pippig contested the finding on the grounds that her testosterone levels were normal, and that the elevated ratio was due to a low level of epitestosterone from a long battle with chronic bowel disease and other factors. This claim was supported by a variety of independent medical experts,〔In analyses, it was determined by independent specialists Dr. Robert Barbieri, the Chief of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, who is also an expert in hormones and the use of steroids, and Dr. Horst Lüppert, the Head of Obstetrics and Gynecology at The Free University in Berlin, that Uta Pippig’s ratio imbalance was not due to high levels of testosterone, but rather low levels of epitestosterone. Separate expert opinions from both Dr. Barbieri and Dr. Lübbert, independently concluded that the use of oral contraceptives and active bowel disease both raise the T:E ratio. According to Dr. Barbieri, “The T:E ratio is not valid for women on oral contraceptives with active bowel disease.” According to Dr. Barbieri, “In April 1998, at or around the time that a urine specimen was taken for androgen matabolite analysis, Ms. Pippig was on oral contraceptive pills and had active bowel disease.” a) Letter from Dr. Horst Lübbert to German Track and Field Association, 1 October 1998. b) Letter from Dr. Robert Barbieri to Messieurs David Merz and Jens Peter Ketels, 22 January 1999〕 and a German arbitration court ultimately dismissed the case.
==Achievements==
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